Trichoderma, um aliado da agricultura sustentável que é muito mais que um agente de controlo biológico - bibliografia

• 25 julho 2023, terça-feira
• Agricultura Biológica

Por: João Prada^1,2,3,4, Conceição Santos^1,2, Leandro Pereira-Dias^1,2,5,∗

¹ iB2, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto

² LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto

³ CITAB, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro

⁴ Fundação Côa Parque

⁵ COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València

A Comissão Europeia recomendou, no Pacto Ecológico Europeu, um conjunto de medidas que visam reduzir em 50% o uso de agroquímicos sintéticos até 2030. Estas medidas estimulam o recurso a técnicas verdes de controlo, que terão de assumir um papel fundamental na mitigação das ameaças às culturas. Isolados do género Trichoderma são frequentemente incorporados em formulações biofungicidas, biofertilizantes e condicionadoras de solo. Este artigo resume vários trabalhos onde se verificou empiricamente o papel que este agente de controlo pode assumir na proteção e promoção das culturas agrícolas. As espécies de Trichoderma foram capazes de apresentar mecanismos antagónicos sobre um vasto leque de patógenos, além de serem capazes de induzir as defesas das plantas, interagir positivamente com a comunidade de microorganismos do solo (microbioma do solo), solubilizar nutrientes para as raízes e remediar o solo de alguns contaminantes. Em suma, a ação destes microrganismos tem impacto direto no aumento do rendimento das culturas e da qualidade dos seus produtos.

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